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Objective: To explore the changes in bacterial community structure, antibiotic resistance genome, and pathogen virulence genome in river water before and after the river flowing through Haikou City and their transmission and dispersal patterns and to reveal anthropogenic disturbance's effects on microorganisms and resistance genes in the aquatic environment. Methods: The Nandu River was divided into three study areas: the front, middle and rear sections from the upstream before it flowed through Haikou City to the estuary. Three sampling sites were selected in each area, and six copies of the sample were collected in parallel at each site and mixed for 3 L per sample. Microbial community structure, antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements were analyzed through bioinformatic data obtained by metagenomic sequencing and full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Variations in the distribution of bacterial communities between samples and correlation of transmission patterns were analyzed by principal co-ordinates analysis, procrustes analysis, and Mantel test. Results: As the river flowed through Haikou City, microbes' alpha diversity gradually decreased. Among them, Proteobacteria dominates in the bacterial community in the front, middle, and rear sections, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the middle and rear sections was higher than that in the front segment. The diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements were all at low levels in the front section and all increased significantly after flow through Haikou City. At the same time, horizontal transmission mediated by mobile genetic elements played a more significant role in the spread of antibiotic-resistance genes and virulence factors. Conclusions: Urbanization significantly impacts river bacteria and the resistance genes, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements they carry. The Nandu River in Haikou flows through the city, receiving antibiotic-resistant and pathogen-associated bacteria excreted by the population. In contrast, antibiotic-resistant genes and virulence factors are enriched in bacteria, which indicates a threat to environmental health and public health. Comparison of river microbiomes and antibiotic resistance genomes before and after flow through cities is a valuable early warning indicator for monitoring the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Humans , Rivers , Virulence Factors/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Microbiota/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Resistance, Microbial/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the drug resistance and genomic characteristics of a strain of serogroup O139 Vibrio cholerae producing cholera toxin isolated from the bloodstream of a person with bacteremia. Methods: The broth dilution method and automatic drug sensitivity analyzer were used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the strain. The complete genome sequence of the strain was obtained by using second-generation gene sequencing and nanopore sequencing. BLAST software was used for comparison and analysis with CARD, Resfinder, ISfinder, VFDB, and other databases. The drug-resistant genes, insertion sequences and virulence genes carried by the strain were identified. MEGA 5.1 software was used to construct a genetic phylogenetic tree based on the core genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms. Results: V. cholerae SH400, as the toxigenic strain, carried multiple virulence-related genes and four virulence islands. The strain was resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole, carrying corresponding drug-resistant genes. The strain also carried IncA/C plasmid with the size of 172914 bp and contained 10 drug-resistant genes. Combined with the genomic evolutionary relationship, this study found that the drug-resistant genes and drug-resistant plasmids carried among strains showed certain aggregation. The traditional ST type of strain SH400 was ST69, and the cgMLST type was a new type highly similar to cgST-252. Conclusion: This strain of serogroup O139 V. cholerae carries the ctxAB gene, multiple drug-resistant genes and IncA/C plasmid, and there are multiple drug-resistant islands.
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Objective:An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometry （UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS） was applied to analyze the prototypes and their metabolites of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract in the serum， urine and feces of normal rats， and to investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis of Phellodendri Amurensis<italic> </italic>Cortex in rats. Method:Chromatographic separation was performed on the ACQUITY UPLC<sup>®</sup> CSH<sup>TM</sup> C<sub>18</sub> column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-15 min， 2%-25%B； 15-25 min， 25%-50%B； 25-28 min， 50%-98%B）， flow rate was 0.3 mL·min<sup>-1</sup>， the injection volume was 10 μL and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Heated electrospray ionization （HESI） was used to collect data in the positive ion modes with the scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 100-1 000. By comparing chromatogram differences between the blank samples and the samples after administration， prototypes and their metabolites of biological samples after oral administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract were identified. Result:After oral administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract， a total of 70 compounds including 15 prototypes and 55 metabolites in rat serum， urine and feces were detected. Among them， 15 prototypes included 12 alkaloids and 3 limonoids， and 55 metabolites included 52 alkaloids and 3 limonoids. Desaturation， methylation， oxidation， sulfonation and glucuronide conjugation were observed as the primary metabolic pathways for the chemical constituents of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract. Conclusion:Alkaloids in Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract undergo phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolism in rats， and limonoids mainly undergo phase Ⅰ metabolism in rats. This paper can provide experimental basis for further analyzing the process <italic>in vivo</italic> of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex and elucidating its pharmacodynamic substance basis<italic>.</italic>
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the moderated mediation for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with the symptoms of anxiety in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 12 271 students were included with an average age of 8.9±1.9 years, including 6 743 male students and 5 508 female students, and 20 students with missing data on gender. Child psychological trauma questionnaires (parents version) and Conners questionnaires (parent version) were completed by the parents of primary school students. The data was studied by univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and moderated mediation analysis.@*RESULTS@#The results of the univariate analysis showed that in all subjects, boys, and girls, the scores of hyperactivity index and childhood trauma were positively correlated with the score of anxiety (P<0.01), and ADHD and childhood trauma positively predicted anxiety disorder (P<0.001). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that in all subjects, boys, and girls, the scores of hyperactivity index (ADHD symptoms) and childhood trauma positively predicted the score of anxiety (P<0.001), and both ADHD and childhood trauma positively predicted anxiety disorder (P<0.001). The results of the moderated mediation analysis showed that childhood trauma was a mediating factor for the relationship between hyperactivity index and anxiety index in boys and girls (P<0.05), and sex moderated the relationship between hyperactivity index and anxiety index (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#ADHD symptoms/ADHD are closely associated with anxiety symptoms/anxiety disorder. Childhood trauma exerts a mediating effect on the relationship between ADHD symptoms and anxiety symptoms, and sex moderates the relationship between ADHD symptoms and anxiety symptoms.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety , Anxiety Disorders , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Child Behavior Disorders , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore whether Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) exhibits heart protective effect in myocardial infarction (MI) rats and to identify the potential signaling pathways involved.@*METHODS@#MI rats induced by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery were assigned to sham coronary artery ligation or coronary artery ligation. Totally 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (distilled water, n=9), MI group (distilled water, n=9), PNS group (PNS, 40 mg/kg daily, n=9) and fosinopril group (FIP, 1.2 mg/kg daily, n=9) according to a random number table. The left ventricular morphology and function were conducted by echocardiography. Histological alterations were evaluated by the stainings of HE and Masson. The serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and the ratio of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-9 (TIMP-1) were determined by ELISA. The levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MAP2K3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), collagen I, nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NFκB p65), phosphorylation of NFκB p65 (p-NFκB p65), and phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa Bα (p-Iκ Bα) in hearts were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining, respectively.@*RESULTS@#PNS improved cardiac function and fibrosis in MI rats (P<0.05). The serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, GDF-15 and the ratio of MMP9/TIMP1 were reversed by PNS in MI rats. The expressions of TGF-β1, collagen I, MAP2K3, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NFκB p65, p-NFκB p65, and p-IκBα were down-regulated, while ATF3 increased with the treatment of PNS (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#PNS may improve cardiac function and fibrosis in MI rats via regulating ATF3/MAP2K3/p38 MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. These results suggest the potential of PNS in preventing the development of ventricular remodeling in MI rats.
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Objective:To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in 6 months after interventional therapy, and to analyze relevant influencing factors. Method:The clinical data of 1 000 patients with coronary heart disease in 6 months after interventional therapy, including the four diagnosis information of TCM, were collected, and the distribution of TCM syndromes and the influencing factors were analyzed. Result:Among 48 kinds of information about the four diagnostic methods of TCM, chest pain was the most frequent (98.10%)， among 9 kinds of common TCM syndrome types, blood stasis was the most frequent (89.90%), and the others were heart-Qi deficiency syndrome, phlegm turbidity syndrome, cold-dampness syndrome, kidney-Qi deficiency syndrome, heart-Yin deficiency syndrome, kidney-Yin deficiency syndrome, Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome and kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome in turn. Among 6 common TCM syndrome types, Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were the most frequent (35.40%), and the others were phlegm turbidity and blood stasis syndrome, cold congealing heart pulse syndrome, Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome, heart-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome and heart-kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome in turn. There was no significant difference in sex ratio among different syndrome types . Patients with heart-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome had no significant difference. Compared with the average age of other syndromes, there were significant differences. Common complications included hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases and dyslipidemia, among which hypertension had the highest frequency, with significant differences from other diseases (P<0.05). Phlegm, turbidity and blood stasis were found in patients with hypertension. The risk of syndromes was higher (OR=3.29, 95% CI [2.11, 5.05]), while the risk of cold congealing heart pulse syndrome was lower (OR=0.56, 95% CI [0.32, 0.98]), the risk of Qi and Yin deficiency was higher (OR=2.88, 95% CI [2.01, 4.99]), whereas the risk of heart and kidney Yang deficiency was lower (OR=0.54, 95% CI [0.29, 0.95]) when complicated with cerebrovascular diseases. The risk of Qi deficiency and blood stasis was higher (OR=2.97, 95% CI [2.05, 5.28]), while the risk of heart and kidney Yang deficiency was lower (OR=0.54, 95% CI [0.29, 0.95])， the risk of phlegm turbidity and blood stasis was higher when complicated with dyslipidemia (OR=3.55, 95% CI [2.32, 5.29]), and the risk of heart and kidney Yang deficiency was lower (OR=0.54, 95% CI [0.29, 0.95]). The time distribution of the disease had obvious seasonal characteristics. Conclusion:The main distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes in 6 months after coronary heart disease intervention are basically the same as those in patients without intervention. The main TCM syndromes are Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, phlegm turbidity and blood stasis syndrome, cold congealing heart pulse syndrome, Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome, heart-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome and heart-kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome. The distribution pattern may be related to age, complications and seasons.
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Objective::To explore the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of critical lesions of coronary heart disease, and determine the classification and diagnostic criteria of syndromes, so as to provide reference for the differentiation and treatment of this disease. Method::Totally 1 000 patients with critical lesions of coronary heart disease treated in the Department of Cardiology, Yunnan Provinceal Hospital of TCM from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected as the subjects by clinical epidemiological research methods. Basic information, diagnosis and treatment of the patients, as well as the information obtained through observation, hearing, inquiry and pulse-taking of TCM were collected. Symptoms, signs, tongue signs, pulse signs and other four diagnostic information, as well as relevant clinical data were collected for mathematical statistics analysis by cluster analysis and factor analysis research methods, and expert group opinions were also included in discussion. Result::First, the results of cluster analysis showed six types of basic TCM syndromes in accordance with the clinically actual critical lesions of coronary heart disease: blood stasis syndrome, phlegm turbidity syndrome, cold congealing heart pulse syndrome, Qi deficiency syndrome, heart-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome, Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome. Second, a factor analysis was carried out on the basis of cluster analysis, and the main syndromes of each basic syndromes were preliminarily determined. Third, because of the duplicate content or the unified combination of different syndromes, the TCM syndromes of the critical lesions of coronary heart disease can be summarized in five categories, namely phlegm turbidity and blood stasis syndrome (368 cases, 36.80%), cold congestion heart pulse syndrome (156 cases, 15.60%), Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome (315 cases, 31.50%), Yin deficiency of heart and kidney (91 cases, 9.10%) and Heart-Yang depression (70 cases, 7.00%). The main and secondary syndromes refer to factor analysis results of six basic syndromes. Conclusion::Cluster analysis and factor analysis can be made on TCM syndromes of critical lesions of coronary heart disease to pave the way for the classification of TCM syndromes and the establishment of diagnostic criteria of TCM syndromes of coronary heart disease, with an important clinical significance.
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Objective:To analyze the syndrome characteristics and distribution regularity of patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), in order to guide clinical practice and improve the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Method:Inpatients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in line with the diagnostic criteria were selected, and the frequency statistics method was used to analyze the syndrome elements and their frequency degree and distribution characteristics. Result:According to the analysis of syndrome elements and their frequency degree of 263 patients with NSTEMI, the pathogenesis of NSTEMI was mostly deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. As for deficiency in origin, Qi deficiency (171 times, 32.39%) was the most common, which was followed by Yin deficiency (42 times, 7.95%), Yang deficiency (16 times, 3.03%), and blood deficiency (1 times, 0.19%). As for excess in superficiality, blood stasis (129 frequency, 24.4%) and phlegm turbidity (125 frequency, 23.7%) were the most common, which were followed by heat accumulation (42 frequency, 7.95%), water drinking (2 frequency, 0.38%). According to the syndrome diagnosis analysis of the combination of syndrome elements, 220 cases (83.65%) had single syndrome differentiation, 42 cases (15.97%) had two syndromes at the same time, and 1 case (0.38%) had three syndromes at the same time. Among all the syndrome types, Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome (94 cases, 42.7%) was the most common, which were followed by phlegm and blood stasis syndrome (46 cases, 20.9%), Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome (41 cases, 18.6%) and heart and kidney deficiency syndrome (32 cases, 14.6%). And Yang deficiency and water flooding syndrome (6 cases, 2.73%) and heart fire blazing syndrome (1 case, 0.45%) were relatively rare. According to the distribution regularity of syndrome, traditional Chinese medicine therapies were mainly for tonifying vital qi and protecting kidney Qi, with equal emphasis on removing phlegm, eliminating dampness and diuresis, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Conclusion:The pathogenesis of NSTEMI is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. Deficiency in origin is mostly Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency, while excess in superficiality is mostly blood stasis, phlegm and heat accumulation. traditional Chinese medicine therapies are mostly for invigorating Qi and nourishing Yin, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing heat and resolving phlegm.
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Objective::To predict Xiao Xianxiongtang's treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) targets and analyze their function by the network pharmacology method, and build ingredients-targets-channel network pharmacological model, in order to reveal potential pathways and mechanisms of Xiao Xianxiongtang for CHD treatment. Method::Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was used to obtain components, and CHD targets over Xiao Xianxiongtang were predicted by using Swiss Target Prediction reverse pharmacophore matching method. CHD targets which Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved were collected from Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), Drugbank and Disease-gene Net databases (DisGeNET). Wenn diagram was used to obtain the correlation intersection.Target characteristics were analyzed with GEO2R online, Reactome FI was used to analyze the enrichment of target pathways, and Cytoscape software was used to construct the " component-target-pathway" network. Result::Network analysis showed that Xiao Xianxiongtang treated CHD by regulating 24 target proteins through 25 therapeutic components, and acting on 21 specific pathways and 4 biological processes.According to the multiple gene chip analysis of GEO2R online, there were up-down-regulated differences in the targets, including 11 up targets and 13 down targets. Conclusion::Xiao Xianxiongtang treats CHD by involving the biological processes through berberine and flavonoid groups of Coptidis Rhizoma, nucleosides and organic acids of Arum ternatum Thunb, stigmasterols and flavonoids of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, such as gene expression, metabolism and protein metabolism, adjusting the gene expressions of relevant target proteins, regulating gene transcription pathways, such as biological oxidation reaction and lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBPs) of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) transshipment and intake, and the degradation of extracellular matrix signaling pathways.
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BACKGROUND@#Plant homeodomain finger protein 23 (PHF23) is a novel autophagy inhibitor gene that has been few studied with respect to orthopedics. This study was to investigate the expression of PHF23 in articular cartilage and synovial tissue, and analyze the relationship between PHF23 and chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis (OA).@*METHODS@#Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were applied to show the expression of PHF23 in cartilage of different outbridge grades and synovial tissue of patient with OA and healthy control. The normal human chondrocyte pre-treated with rapamycin or 3-methyladenine, treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β induced expression level of PHF23 and autophagy-related proteins light chain 3B-I (LC3B-I), LC3B-II, and P62, were examined by Western blot. A PHF23 gene knock-down model was constructed with small interfering RNA. Western blot was performed to detect the efficiency of PHF23 and the impact of PHF23 knockout on IL-1β-induced expression of autophagy-related and apoptotic-related proteins in chondrocyte.@*RESULTS@#The expression of PHF23 was significantly increased in the high-grade cartilage and synovial tissue of patients with OA. The IL-1β-induced expression of PHF23 was gradually enhanced with time. The level of LC3B-II, P62 changed with time. After knockdown of PHF23, the level of autophagy-related proteins increased and apoptotic-related proteins decreased in IL-1β-induced OA-like chondrocytes.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of PHF23 increased in human OA cartilage and synovium, and was induced by IL-1β through inflammatory stress. PHF23 can suppress autophagy of chondrocytes, and accelerate apoptosis.
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Background@#Plant homeodomain finger protein 23 (PHF23) is a novel autophagy inhibitor gene that has been few studied with respect to orthopedics. This study was to investigate the expression of PHF23 in articular cartilage and synovial tissue, and analyze the relationship between PHF23 and chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis (OA).@*Methods@#Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were applied to show the expression of PHF23 in cartilage of different outbridge grades and synovial tissue of patient with OA and healthy control. The normal human chondrocyte pre-treated with rapamycin or 3-methyladenine, treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β induced expression level of PHF23 and autophagyrelated proteins light chain 3B-I (LC3B-I), LC3B-II, and P62, were examined by Western blot. A PHF23 gene knock-down model was constructed with small interfering RNA. Western blot was performed to detect the efficiency of PHF23 and the impact of PHF23 knockout on IL-1β-induced expression of autophagy-related and apoptotic-related proteins in chondrocyte.@*Results@#The expression of PHF23 was significantly increased in the high-grade cartilage and synovial tissue of patients with OA. The IL-1β-induced expression of PHF23 was gradually enhanced with time. The level of LC3B-II, P62 changed with time. After knockdown of PHF23, the level of autophagy-related proteins increased and apoptotic-related proteins decreased in IL-1β-induced OA-like chondrocytes.@*Conclusions@#The expression of PHF23 increased in human OA cartilage and synovium, and was induced by IL-1β through inflammatory stress. PHF23 can suppress autophagy of chondrocytes, and accelerate apoptosis.
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@#【Objective】 To investigate the predictive value of preoperative Gd- EOB- DTPA enhanced MRI in the expression of cytokeratin 19（CK19）in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）.【Methods】A total of 102 patients，including 94 male and 8 female，with single HCC confirmed by pathology after operation who underwent preoperative enhanced MRI were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 25 were CK19-positive HCC and 77 were CK19-negative HCC. Two radiologists evaluated MR features including tumor size，tumor margin，intratumoral vessels，signal intensity（SI）on arterial phase （AP） ，enhancement pattern ，arterial rim enhancement ，peritumoral enhancement ，internal cystic or necrotic portion，hemorrhage，intratumoral fat，tumor capsule，vascular invasion，lymph node metastasis，intratumoral septum， target sign on diffusion weighted imaging（DWI）or hepatobiliary phase（HBP），peritumor hypointensity，SI on ADC，SI on HBP ，T1 relaxation times and T1 reduction rate between pre- and post- contrast enhancement. The associations between these imaging features and CK19 expression were investigated. 【Results】SI on AP（P = 0.013），arterial rim enhancement（P = 0.018），target sign on DWI（P = 0.001）and target sign on HBP（P = 0.005）were significantly associated with CK19 expression. Delayed enhanced intratumoral septum（P = 0.042）was associated with CK19 expression between HCCs less than 5 cm. Target sign on DWI（P = 0.001，OR = 4.875，95%CI：1.838~12.927）were independent significant factors of CK19- positive HCC.【Conclusion】Preoperative enhanced MRI with Gd- EOB- DTPA is helpful to predict CK19 expression of HCC.
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To study the effects of ellagic acid(EA)on inflammation and oxidative stress in mice with fatty liver disease induced by AKT gene transfection,the 20 female FVB mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model group and ellagic acid administration group(150,300 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))(n=5).EA experimental groups and model group were using a high pressure into the tail vein transfection plasmid AKT.The next day,EA was started to administered continuously for 5 weeks after the AKT gene transfection,while the model group and the normal control group were given the same amount of saline.After the administration,the liver tissue and serum of mice were taken.HE and oil red O staining were using to observe the histopathological changes in liver;liver function to detect the serum and liver tissue as well as MDA and SOD levels;real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to measure the mR-NA expression of NF-κB and TNF-α;Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of NF-κB,TNF-αand COX-2 in liver tissue.RESULTS:: show that after AKT gene transfection,the model group had significant increase in the serum levels of AST,ALT,elevated the levels of MDA and decreased the levels of SOD in serum and liver tissue,aggravated histopathology degeneration and Liver inflammation,and significantly higher expression of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6,COX-2 and other inflammatory-related factors in liver tissue.EA administration group significant reductions in the serum levels of AST,ALT,and improved in hepatocyte fatty degeneration and liver inflammation,lower the levels of MDA and increased the levels of SOD in serum and liver tissue,and significant reductions in the expression of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 and COX-2 in liver tissue.These results suggest that EA has obvious anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits oxidative stress and EA has a significant therapeutic effecton AKT gene inducing fatty liver,and the mechanism possibly by inhibiting inflammatory factors of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6,COX-2 and anti-oxidative stress-related.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Ellagic Acid , Pharmacology , Fatty Liver , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Inflammation , Drug Therapy , Oxidative Stress , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Genetics , Random Allocation , TransfectionABSTRACT
[Objective] To measure the diameter of the superior rectal vein (SRV) & theinferior mesenteric vein (IMV) by CT and analyze their relationship with lymphatic metastasis of rectal carcinoma.And to discuss the feasibility of utilizing SRV to prcdict lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.[Methods] The CT imaging and pathological data of 105 rectal carcinoma patients were analyzed retrospectively.We measured and compared the diameter of every patient's SRV & IMV by CT in the presence and absence of microvascular tumor thrombus,signet ring cell,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.The accuracy of predicting lymph node metastasis for rectal carcinoma by the diameter of SRV were evaluated by ROC curve.[Results] There were statistical differences in the diameters of SRV and IMV between rectal cancer group with lymph node metastasis (D =4.34 mm,D =5.00 mm) and without (D =3.56 mm,D =4.81 mm;P ＜ 0.001,P =0.023).The differences were significant in the diameter of SRV between rectal cancer group with microvascular tumor thrombus or signet ring cell and without (P =0.019,P =0.044).However,the diameter of IMV showed no statistical difference between rectal cancer group with microvascular tumor thrombus or signet ring cell and without (P =0.605,P =0.663).And there was no statistical difference in the diameter of SRV or IMV between rectal cancer patients with distant metastasis and without (P ＞ 0.05).Regarding 3.75 mm as the cut-off value for the diameter of SRV to predict lymph node metastasis for rectal cancer patients,the sensitivity was 90.9％ and the specificity was 82.0％.Regarding 4.65 mm as the cut-off value for the diameter of IMV to predict lymph node metastasis for rectal cancer patients,the sensitivity was 87.3％ and the specificity was 38％.[Conclusions] It is completely feasible to utilize the diameter of SRV measured by CT to predict lymph node metastasis of rectal carcinoma with high sensitivity,accuracy,and relatively high specificity.
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[Objective] To investigate the clinical value of using prospective ECG-gating Helical protocol in whole aorta and coronary arteries CT angiography combined with low tube voltage,low contrast medium injection rate and dose technology.[Methods]A total of 60 patients (heart rate≤ 75 bpm and normal heart rhythm) with suspected aortic disease or post-operation were randomly divided into 2 groups:G1 (n =30;tube voltage:80 kV;contrast medium injection rate:3 mL/s;contrast medium dose:0.65 mL/kg)and G2 (n =30;tube voltage:120 kV;contrast medium injection rate:4 mL/s;contrast medium dose:1.2 mL/kg).The two groups underwent aorta angiography with prospective ECG-gating Helical protocol by using 320-detector CT.The mean CT values and standard deviation of aorta,coronaries and adjacent adipose tissue were measured,signal to noise ratio (signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)and contrast to noise ratio (contrast-to-noise ratio,CNR) were calculated.The subjective quality scoring of 3-d post-processing images were evaluated independently by 2 senior radiologists.The mean CT values and standard deviation of aorta,coronaries and adipose tissue,SNR,CNR,subjective quality scoring,contrast medium dose and radiation dose were compared and analyzed.[Results] The abnormal and normal rate of aorta in two groups were 83.33％ (25/30),16.67％ (5/30) and 86.67％ (26/30),13.33％(4/30);while the abnormal and normal rate of coronary arteries in two groups were 43.33％ (13/30),56.67％ (17/30) and 53.33％(16/30),46.67％ (14/30).SNR values of ascending aorta,descending aorta,abdominal aorta,superior mesenteric artery,bilateral renal artery,left main coronary artery,left anterior descending branch,left circumflex branch,right coronary artery and CNR values of abdominal aorta,superior mesenteric artery,bilateral renal artery,left anterior descending branch,left circumflex branch had no statistical significance,while the other indicators were significant differences between the two groups.The radiation dose and the contrast medium dose of G1 was significantly lower than G2 (P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference in the subjective image quality of 3D post-processing images between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).[Conclusions] Using prospective ECG-gating Helical protocol in whole aorta and coronary arteries CT angiography combined with low tube voltage,low contrast medium injection rate and low contrast medium dose technology can help to reduce radiation and contrast medium dose without impacting on the imaging quality satisfactorily.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be a prognostic factor in various types of carcinomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment NLR in a large cohort of Chinese patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the medical data of 656 UTUC patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) from 2001 to 2011 at Peking University First Hospital. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal cutoff point of pretreatment NLR. Uni- and multi-variate analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and intravesical recurrence-free survival (IVRFS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimal cutoff point of pretreatment NLR was 2.40 by ROC curves, by which patients with high NLR (NLR ≥2.40) and low NLR (NLR <2.40) accounted for 314 (47.9%) and 342 (52.1%) patients, respectively. Patients with a high pretreatment NLR tended to have high tumor grades (χ2 = 15.725, P< 0.001), high tumor stages (χ2 = 25.416, P< 0.001), tumor sizes >5 cm (χ2 = 8.213, P= 0.005), ipsilateral hydronephrosis (χ2 = 4.624, P= 0.033), and concomitant carcinoma in situ(CIS) (χ2 = 9.517, P= 0.003). A high pretreatment NLR (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.820, P= 0.001), main tumor diameter >5 cm (HR = 1.789, P= 0.009), lymph node metastasis (HR = 1.863, P= 0.024), and high tumor stage (HR = 1.745, P< 0.001) independently predicted poor CSS after surgery, while only concomitant carcinoma in situ(CIS) (HR = 2.164, P= 0.034), ureteroscopy before surgery (HR = 1.701, P= 0.015), and high tumor grade (HR = 1.645, P= 0.018) were independent predictors of IVRFS after RNU.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The pretreatment NLR was related to some adverse clinicopathological features and was an independent predictor of CSS, although not IVRFS, in Chinese UTUC patients.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>New rationally designed i,i+7-hydrocarbon-stapled peptides that target both HIV-1 assembly and entry have been shown to have antiviral activity against HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Europe and North America. Here, we aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of these peptides against HIV-1 subtypes predominantly circulating in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antiviral activity of three i,i+7-hydrocarbon-stapled peptides, NYAD-36, NYAD-67, and NYAD-66, against primary HIV-1 CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE isolates was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The activity against the CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE Env-pseudotyped viruses was analyzed in TZM-bl cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We found that all the stapled peptides were effective in inhibiting infection by all the primary HIV-1 isolates tested, with 50% inhibitory concentration toward viral replication (IC50) in the low micromolar range. NYAD-36 and NYAD-67 showed better antiviral activity than NYAD-66 did. We further evaluated the sensitivity of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC Env-pseudotyped viruses to these stapled peptides in a single-cycle virus infectivity assay. As observed with the primary isolates, the IC50s were in the low micromolar range, and NYAD-66 was less effective than NYAD-36 and NYAD-67.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hydrocarbon-stapled peptides appear to have broad antiviral activity against the predominant HIV-1 viruses in China. This finding may provide the impetus to the rational design of peptides for future antiviral therapy.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Amino Acid Sequence , Anti-HIV Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , China , Epidemiology , HIV Envelope Protein gp120 , Genetics , Metabolism , HIV Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , HIV-1 , Genetics , Peptides, Cyclic , Pharmacology , PhylogenyABSTRACT
In this study, Illumina sequencing platform was applied in sequencing rat pancreas, counting expression of target points, analyzing expression differences among blank group, model group and Huangqi Liuyi decoction group and exploring the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Huangqi Liuyi decoction on type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to the result, 24.25% of these genes belonged to the unknown functional class, which was the largest classification unit according to the classification analysis of genes by eggNOG. The rest were classified as energy conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, nucleotide transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, coenzyme transport and metabolism, and lipid transport and metabolism, etc.Huangqi Liuyi decoction may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus through four metabolic pathways, namely environmental information processing, cellular process, organismal system and human diseases according to KEGG enrichment analysis. This study shows that, Huangqi Liuyi decoction can significantly improve the fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetic rats.
ABSTRACT
In this study, 454/Roche GS FLX sequencing technology was used to obtain the data of the Astragalus membranaceus. Four hundred and fifty-four Sequencing System Software was applied to carry out the transcription of the group from scratch. Using MISA tools, 9 893 unigenes were selected for the sequence of the genome of A. membranaceus, and the information of SSR locus was analyzed. According to the result, the average length of reads was 413 bp, about 86% of the reads was involved in the splicing, the length of the N50 was 1 205 bp, the number of unigenes was measured by the whole transcript. 1 729 SSR loci in the A. membranaceus transcriptome were searched, the occurrence frequency of SSR was 9.24%, the frequency of SSR in the whole transcriptome was 13.42%, the average length of SSR was 7.97 kb. One hundred and twenty-seven kinds of core repeat sequences were found, the dominant type was TG/AC type of dinucleotide, it appeared to account for 4.25% of the total SSR locus. The results of the sequence of the transcription of the A. membranaceus transcriptome revealed the overall expression, and a large number of unigenessequence was obtained, and the SSR locus in the genome of the A. membranaceus is high, and the type is diverse, and the polymorphism of the gene is high.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate distinctive features in drug-resistant mutations (DRMs) and interpretations for reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) between proviral DNA and paired viral RNA in HIV-1-infected patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-three HIV-1-infected individuals receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy were recruited to participate in a multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in Anhui and Henan Provinces in China in 2004. Drug resistance genotyping was performed by bulk sequencing and deep sequencing on the plasma and whole blood of 77 samples, respectively. Drug-resistance interpretation was compared between viral RNA and paired proviral DNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with bulk sequencing, deep sequencing could detect more DRMs and samples with DRMs in both viral RNA and proviral DNA. The mutations M184I and M230I were more prevalent in proviral DNA than in viral RNA (Fisher's exact test, P<0.05). Considering 'majority resistant variants', 15 samples (19.48%) showed differences in drug resistance interpretation between viral RNA and proviral DNA, and 5 of these samples with different DRMs between proviral DNA and paired viral RNA showed a higher level of drug resistance to the first-line drugs. Considering 'minority resistant variants', 22 samples (28.57%) were associated with a higher level of drug resistance to the tested RTIs for proviral DNA when compared with paired viral RNA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with viral RNA, the distinctive information of DRMs and drug resistance interpretations for proviral DNA could be obtained by deep sequencing, which could provide more detailed and precise information for drug resistance monitoring and the rational design of optimal antiretroviral therapy regimens.</p>